The globalization of media

The globalization of media The globalization of media is a pervasive phenomenon associated with several different theories and views about its characteristics and consequences. Due to the considerable amount of transnational media which originates in the U.S, many fear that globalization will lead to an Americanization of the world, while others fear the power imbalance in media flows will weaken national sovereignty (Straubhaar et. al 2009, 531). The article Indigenity, media and cultural globalization: The Case of Mataku, or the Maori X-Files by Kevin Glynn and A. F. Tyson supports the opposing view that globalization provides the opportunity for national cultures to counter the Eurocentrism in the global media market, though the Western domination of the market does act as an obstacle against the expansion of productions by lesser known cultures (Glynn et. al 2007, 210). Despite minor setbacks in the organization and flow of the article, Glynn provides developed and well-researched arguments in support of his view, and strengthens his thesis further through the analysis of an internationally known indigenous television drama, Mataku. From the first part of the article, the authors thesis is clear: contemporary media is comprised of a multidirectional flow of information and culture, rather than a homogenic and unilateral one. The global mediasphere is complex and differentiated, with evident cultural hybridity between local and global production (Glynn et. al 2007, 211). Firstly, analyzing the alternative view that globalization is an extension of colonization shows that it is an established view with strong points in support of it. Cultural imperialists believe globalization poses similar threats to indigenous population as colonization did during the early colonial period (Rodricks 2003, 81). Similarities between globalization and colonization, as outlined by Rodricks (2003, 49) include the idea that both phenomena involve a focus on financial gain, a competition for consumers, markets, and resources, and a suppression of indigenous cultures (Rodricks 2003, 50-57). Furthermore, knowledge, as presented by global media, is described as specialized, compartmentalized, and standardized (Kawagley et. al 1999, 121) which reflects the Eurocentric view that knowledge should provide universal definitions and categorized information (Henderson 2000, 35-37). This view of knowledge directly opposes the First Nations view that knowledge should involve collect ivity, and decision-making as a community (Rodricks 2003, 79), further exemplifying the biases and Eurocentrism, evident in the global market. Glynn, although he does not deny the struggles faced by First Nations mediamakers against racism and stereotypical portrayals of minority cultures in mainstream television, has a more positive outlook of globalization as a trend that creates opportunities for establishing public recognition of indigenous identities (Glynn et. al 2007, 220). At one point he even suggests, through a quote from a Maori producer, Tainui Stephens, that the inevitable struggles against more dominant cultures in the global media market, can be an aid, as opposed to a hindrance, to the Maori quest for self-determinism, since it makes [the Maori] that much more determined to succeed (Stephens 2004, 114). Glynn raises several points to support his claim that the indigenous public sphere is continuously expanding through global media systems (Glynn et. al 2007, 211), and each of the points are specific to his thesis and backed up with historical events, such as the establishment of Aboriginal television channels, or opinions of other scholars. For instance, he refers to Kraidys conclusion that through aspects such as immigration and colonial expansion, the local and the global have long been hybridized (Kraidy 1999, 459). He also refers to Stuart Halls view that the use of global media is key for cultural and political survival of indigenous cultures (Grossberg 1996, 143), and Lisa Parks view that global media does not need to act as a tool for Western cultural imperialism, but can instead be used to establish aspects of local culture and priorities (Parks 2005, 59). By providing an array of quotations and references to a number of people, some of whom are closely associated with the s ubject under discussion the Maori, Glynn presents a well-supported and thus, convincing position. The number of quotations and references which he presents depicts his analysis as one that is evidently well-researched. However, the implementation of this research at some points in the article, acts as an impediment to the organization and flow of his argument. Because of the various different views he references to from various people, there is a section in his article where he stacks, in a sense, one point after another, where each point counters the one preceding it. He begins with the dismissing of Marshall McLuhans concept of the global village as overly idealistic (Glynn et. al 2007, 209), counters this with the point that, despite this, the concept has a romanticism about it which disregards the issue that the global village is discriminatively governed by the West. Nevertheless, Glynn mentions as a counterpoint to this concept of power imbalance, neoliberalism promotes the idea of a free flow of information, and this point is then, in turn, countered with the argument that the concept of a free market is overly simplistic, and can have a suppressive effect on cultural self-expression. The fears associated with Western domination of the global media market is briefly discussed before finally arriving at the point which supports Glynns original thesis that such a view makes the fallacious presumption that indigenous cultures do not have the ability to withstand Western imperialist power (Glynn et. al, 210). The way these points, each of which are supported by a different authors opinion, are presented sacrifices clarity since the reader may be susceptible to losing track of Glynns primary thesis due to the bombardment of other points that are raised, each in succession to the other. Despite this shortcoming, overall, Glynn presents a strong argument, with a substantial amount of support given through other opinions and relative research. The second part of the article deals specifically with Mataku, an indigenous production which has received both domestic and international success; the popularity of this drama serves as an example which encompasses each of the points raised in Glynns thesis. A strength in Glynns discussion of the issue of globalization in relation to indigenous media production is, throughout the article, and primarily in the concluding section, Glynn does not present an overly idealistic view of the positive effects which globalization can have on the growth of national cultures. Rather, he reminds us that, despite the possibilities which globalization presents in regard to this issue, the undertakings involved in the production and popularization of indigenous media must be dealt with cautiously, and the struggles of First Nations mediamakers involving the establishment of institutions, the availability of funding, and the dominant Westernized views of mainstream media, are constant challenges. Glynn thus provides a convincing, optimistic yet practical view of the ways in which the globalization of media can contribute to the growth of the indigenous public sphere and the establishing of national cultures on a global scale. References: BATTISTE Marie and James Youngblood HENDERSON (2000). What is Indigenous Knowledge?, in Protecting Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage: A Global Challenge, Saskatoon: Purich Publishing Ltd, pp. 35 38. GLYNN, Kevin and A. F. TYSON (2007). Indigeneity, media and cultural globalization: The case of Mataku, or the Maori X-Files, International Journal of Cultural Studies, vol.10, no.2, pp. 205-224. GROSSBERG, Lawrence (1996) On Postmodernism and Articulation: An Interview with Stuart Hall, in Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies. Edited by David Morley and Kuan-Hsing Chen. London: Routledge, pp. 131-150. Joseph STRAUBHAAR, Robert LaROSE, Lucinda DAVENPORT (2009). Media Now: Understanding Media, Culture, and Technology. Enhanced 6th Edition. Boston, Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. KAWAGLEY, Oscar, and Ray BARNHARDT (1999). Education Indigenous to Place: Western Science Meets Native Reality. in Ecological Education in Action: On Weaving Education, Culture, and the Environment. Edited by Gregory A. Smith, Dilafruz R. Williams. New York: SUNY Press. pp. 121. KRAIDY, Marwan (1999). The Global, the Local, and the Hybrid: A Native Ethnography of Glocalization, Critical Studies in Mass Communication, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 456-76. PARKS, Lisa (2005). Cultures in Orbit: Satellites and the Televisual. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. RODRICKS, Warren (2003). Globalization and Corporization The Evolving Nature of Education Online at: , consulted on February 8th, 2010. STEPHENS, Tainui (2004). Maori Television, in Television in New Zealand: Programming the Nation, Edited by Roger Horrocks and Nick Perry, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 107-15.

School Culture

Culture of a School: Interview and Reflection Paper Guidelines Ana Luna EDL505 Prof. Karen Clark 02/25/2013 * * Part One: Interview * To: Johnette Robinson * Owner and Director * Childlife Preschool 1. What is the school profile? (Urban, rural, etc. , grade level of students, number of students, number of students on free or reduced lunch (if applicable), ethnicity, number of students receiving special services and which type of special services, etc. The name of the school need not be revealed. ) * Childlife Preschool is located in an exclusive area of the city of Tampa,Carrollwood.Our school serves 110 children between the ages of 6 weeks to 12 years old. We have a very special racial diversity composed of 42 Hispanic, 9 Blacks, 38 Caucasians and 18 students from other ethnic groups (Indians, Brazilians, and Europeans). We have 51 children participating in the free lunch program provided by the government and 7 children participating in therapy (occupational, speech, psychology) an d EELP (Exceptional Education Learning Program). Is state testing mandated? If so, how do students in general perform?If not, what type of testing is used to determine overall student achievement? * Our Program VPK (voluntary pre kindergarten) is tested by a standardized test called VPK assessment. This test is sent by Florida Department of Education and must be administered three times during the school year. The results of this test reveal the academic, social and language skills of our students. In these tests the state requires us punctuation not less than 69, our school earned a punctuation of 81 for the 2011-2012 school year. This year we are working towards our goal of 90 to become a five stars provider.In what ways are students and staff acknowledged in the school? * Members of our staff and students are recognized as an essential part of our school. Teachers are evaluated annually and earn bonuses depending on their performance in the classroom. Students are recognized each month, the staff choose the students of the month are five children who have distinguished for their improvement, behavior and achievement their works are displayed in the hallway for the whole month in the office hallway and are rewarded with a free pizza sponsored by a local business.What types of extracurricular activities are offered for students? Do students of both genders and all ethnicities represented in the school participate? Are some activities more popular depending upon cultural background? * In our school we offer both karate and gymnastics programs that are offered by local businesses specializing in these areas. Students of all races involved in those activities. Which is considered the greater challenge, academic achievement or behavior? Is there a connection between the two? We take equally the challenge of academic achievement and behavior, it is important for us to fully develop both areas because our main goal as a preschool is to prepare the child to go to th e regular school. I definitely think there is a connection between academic achievement and behavior therefore both must be of equal importance in the teaching process. Our curriculum contains a wide section of social studies and social skills that target to develop the child's behavioral areas at par with the academic area.What types of professional learning have been offered to staff within the last year? * All our staff must complete at least 20 hours of continuing studies to improve their performance in the classroom. In the last year our school offered several classes like CPR, Exceptional Student Population, Classroom Management and techniques and other workshops offered by Florida Early Learning Coalition. All workshops are paid by the school. How are teachers encouraged to share with each other what they learn and do? Most of the teachers who took a course paid by the school must offer their peers a summary of the techniques they learned in class in order to expand knowledge . Every Thursday of the month we have a meeting in which separates a time for this purpose. Does the school administration engage in looking at school data with the staff? If so how is the data used? * The school administration is responsible for analyzing the data of testing and using graphs, charts and percentages discussed the results to improve those areas that need to be strengthened or improved.Is the staff in the school aware of the impact of culture on teaching and learning? Explain. * Our staff is trained on the importance of providing a multicultural environment for our children as these multicultural experiences will help foster social skills and adaptation that are very useful in everyday life and in the regular school. What types of culturally responsive instructional practices are used in the school? Do all teachers, some teachers, or a few teachers use these practices? At Childlife each classroom must maintain at least one multicultural area or include multicultural e lements in various learning centers. For example in the babies classroom they have soft dolls representing different ethnic groups and some soft books in different languages. In other classrooms with older students we have musical instruments from other cultures, pictures of other countries and clothes that represent diverse cultures that expose the child to different cultural experiences.These multicultural practices are part of our philosophy so each teacher must use these practices in the classroom. Are the school rules or expectations posted? Are they stated in a positive way? Are they taught to students? * The rules and expectations are posted in the parent handbook and in the employee handbook. The rules are adapted to children at every level and are mostly hung around circle time in the classroom with pictures that help children to understand the rules. Do students have a voice in the school?Do they help determine rules, plan activities, etc? If so how? * Preschoolers do not have much involvement in designing the rules or school activities because of their young age lack the maturity to this. However our activities are focused in the interests of our children who will participate in the activity. How are families and the community encouraged to participate? * In Childlife preschool we believe in the integrity of the family and community as an essential factor in the optimization of the teaching, so we encourage them to be part of our school.Some of the activities which we encourage parents and community to participate in the school activities are the open house, fieldtrips and celebrations. * Part Two: Interview Reflection The Philosophy of Childlife Preschool is to create a caring, positive atmosphere that will motivate children to learn and develop physically, socially and emotionally. It is our goal to help children discover the joy of learning and have the desire to achieve that will last all their lives. We are committed to guiding children to deve lop a positive self-concept to e successful in their future educational endeavors. That is why we must not ignore the interaction between cultures that is occurring in our society and in our school. It is important to include multicultural elements that expose the child to experiences that help to accept other cultures and live in the diverse society in which we live. Our director has trained and oriented the staff about multicultural dynamics that we need to perform in the classroom as part of preschool education that we provide to our children.The classrooms in Childlife multicultural preschool contain elements that help children understand diversity. Through continuing education workshops for teachers we also have had the opportunity to learn a lot about this topic and have enriched the educational environment with different multicultural elements. Technology also helped us a lot, although she does not mention it in the interview our classrooms were equipped with ipads in May all owing us to expand through the resources we use technology in the classroom including culture.The integration of extracurricular activities, community and parents are other elements that help to incorporate other cultures and enrich the educational environment with diverse knowledge and experiences. Childlife Preschool is a secure, loving environment where Parents and Teachers work together to encourage each child’s independent exploration of their world and promote their social, emotional, physical and cognitive growth.The â€Å"culture† of a school is an important aspect for Both students and staff because it helps to build a school that teaches tolerance, acceptance and adaptation to diversity. Our multicultural practices are part of our philosophy and we have helped to develop social skills that will serve the child in their daily lives and will serve in the future. The school is the first social institution to which the child is exposed so it is important to promo te a culture of peace, tolerance and acceptance in which every single child feel special and proud of his heritage and roots.

Sexual Selection and Natural Selection - 546 Words

Selection is the functional relationship between phenotypes and fitness. Natural selection is the production of organisms according to their physical attributes whereby off springs of the younger generations takes the strong, desired and inheritable aspects of their parents. They become more adapted to the environment although some does well than others according to their individual traits which are attributed to their phenotypes (Sinervo, 1997). According to Charles Darwin, fitness can be described in three different forms of selection which interferes with the mean of phenotypic traits in a population. They include: directional selection; stabilizing selection; and destructive selection. Directional selection in the long term can lead†¦show more content†¦Unlike natural selection, sexual selection does not adapt individuals to the environment, but it enhances mate acquisition. It also explains how sexually desired traits may have fuelled the fire of rapid organism development. Some of the traits acquired give either negative or positive results. Negative results can even lead to extinction, but positive results can lead to elaborate change that brings about a stronger and better species. Darwin theory of sexual selection observed that female are the limiting sex and most of them are unavailable for sex as they are pregnant or caring for young one. Since male tends to be in excess, they develop ornaments to attract female or engage each other on male contests. Sexual selection is categorized in to two categories; intersexual selection and intrasexual competition. Intersexual selection is also known as mate choice or female choice in which males competes with fellow males for female. This means that the male must develop a feature that would attract the opposite sex; sometimes this can lead to fashion. The conditions determining which factor becomes more limited can be explained by the way of Bateman’s Principle which states that the sex which invest most in producing off springs becomes a limited over which the other sex will fight for. Intrasexual competition is also known as male-male competition where by members of the lessShow MoreRelatedThe Gorill Natural Selection And Sexual Selection1306 Words   |  6 Pages Darwin’s theory is in regards to natural selection and sexual selection. The gorilla is an animal that uses the two selections to determine their protection, feeding, and reproduction. First Charles Darwin described the characteristics and structures that a animal like a gorilla is born with. He states that these characters and structures will have slow changes that will be different than when they were born. 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Child Abuse Problem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2026 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Child Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Child abuse is an issue that continues to shock humanity repeatedly through the passing years. Child abuse can be defined in many ways, but overall it is physical, emotional, or cognitive neglect from a caregiver. This topic is interesting to learn from because it is devastating to know there is cruel out in the world towards children. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Child Abuse Problem" essay for you Create order Children are simply human beings who are on a journey of development like all humans have gone through. In this paper, I will analyze three different sources that give some knowledge about this sensitive topic. Beginning with a website article Child Abuse and Neglect by healthy children.org. Following a magazine article Child Abuse by Psychology Today. Lastly, a peer review article Childrens Reporting About Sexual Versus Physical Abuse: Patterns of Reporting, Avoidance, and Denial by Azade Azad and Lina Leander. Website Critique Content Coverage This website is referred more towards a general audience, it does not give any statistics that can show it to be scholarly. It is hard to pinpoint who is the specific target audience is, but it is general. The information given on this website is secondary, it does not show that this information comes from the first hand of someone. This article provides some in-depth information about the topic of child abuse. It gives the overall definition, signs, consequences, getting help, and how to prevent child abuse. In each section, it describes detail information or most important bullet points that the audience needs to know about. At the end of the article Child Abuse and Neglect, there is additional information category in which there are other articles related to the topic that the reader made want to read. The website only happens to have one source linking to a book called Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5, 6th Edition by American Academy of Pediatrician, who also made the website. Timeliness There appears no date of when it was created, but there is a date April 13, 2018, or when it was last updated. There are no citations within the text, but the additional resources given two are from January and February 2018. The other is from November 2015 as well as the book that was used as a source according to last updated. Aside from this date, there are no other links, but there are words that are highlighted that link to another new page. For example, in the article, there is the word poverty that when you click on it, it takes you to a new page and gives more detail about the word. The information given about this topic seems to be very up to date, therefore it seems that they do keep up with new information on this current topic. As for their resources, it might be a good idea to update it since it has been since 2015. Accuracy This website would be a .org domain which indicates that it is an organization website. This website appears not to be a community website because only those who created the website or have access to editing the website are able to write content in it. Overall, you can find the information provided on another website that is not necessarily a .org domain. For example, in the Child Welfare Information Gateway website they provide about the same information as this website, such as the meaning of child abuse, types, signs, preventions, and a bit more. Objectivity The information provided would be fact, there is no opinion at all given, and it does not promote to sell the website out. Most of the facts given are actual information that describes child abuse. Again, there are really no links or direct quotes that show further proof of this information being fats. There are links to certain words within the information that direct the reader to another page with more detail information. This website might have a small amount of bias, the topic is child abuse, the website is meant to contain information specifically for children. Through the website, its emphasis dedicated to the health of all children. The wording contains in the information does affect the emotional aspect, specifically focusing on sadness, disappointment, surprise, anger, and even pain. For example, they used words like abandonment, they also put a picture of a child that looks like there is no hope left. In this website, there are about three advertisements that I was able to catch because they are at eye level, and they are clear to read. The first one has nothing to do with the website or the topic at all, it is an Ikea. The reason behind it being on this website, according to the advertisement it mentions a proud supporter of healthychildren.org. The second advertisement is the book mention previously Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5. Along with that book, there is a small advertisement that says shop AAP which is the American Academy of Pediatricians. Magazine Article Critique Content Coverage The audience for this article would have to be general since it is found in a magazine called Campus Safety. Normally this article would be read by people if the magazine was picked up or found. This information may appear to be primary, but it is not it is secondary, Dianna Smoot provides other statistics not her own. There is a small brief of background information about the topic. For example, the meaning of child abuse, the types of child abuse along with examples, and how to detect and report it. There are no links at all, but there is content that is related to this article. There is no bibliography, but at the end of the article, there is a sentence stating who Dianna Smoot is and where to contact her. Timeliness This article was created on May 05, 2015, but there is no last updated date anywhere on the website. There are some citations within the text but no direct links to another page. Dianna Smoot cited the national survey of adolescence 2007 to provide some percentages about child abuse. Since this article was created in 2015 then the cited information would not be up to date according to the article. With that said this article would not be useful as a source since it is almost 3 years old. For the topic of child abuse, a lot of change and new updates can occur in a short period of time. Accuracy This magazine is a commercial one, and it is also a community website. Not only can you subscribe to get additional articles, but one can also advertise their products or services by contacting a sales representative. The information in this magazine article can be found in another source. It gives some basic information such as what are the types of child abuse. Objectivity The information in this article would be considered facts, there is no sign of Dianna Smoot giving her opinion. The article does not contain direct links to the facts provided. However, there are two words that link to another article that gives a bit more detail based on the word. There is a small bias because the magazine is mainly directed to personnel who dedicate to the safety of humans only. The words and phrases to play with my emotional state, in a way where I feel bad for not doing anything about this issue. As you read the paper it sounds as if youre a child being grounded. There is a great of advertisements in this magazine, most of them consisting about safety, or the benefits youll receive if you joined and subscribe to campus safety magazine. The URL of this magazine is .com domain, which can suggest that it is not much of a reliable source of material although it is the most common domain use. Scholarly Peer Review Journal Article Who created this information? The publisher of this journal is psychiatry, psychology law and it is an academic journal type. Their focused is to publish information research that is related to law, forensic psychiatry, or associated with a relaxed manner. This publisher is a peer review type of source. As for the authors, qualification was undetermined because no information found on their biography. Information on Authors, Publishers, and Organization There was not enough information on who the author Azade Azad is. The only known story is that at the time he attended Stockholm University in Sweden. He was part of the department of psychology. Lina Leander is the other author of this journal, unfortunately like Azade Azad there is not much information about her. The only located information is that she either attended or is part of Stockholm University in Sweden and the psychology department there. The publisher is a highly qualified journal that has been established since the 1970s. This journal is on a website called TaylorandFrancisonline.com. According to the journal information they do not give warranty that the information is fully accurate. There are 35, 228 libraries that resulting in having content of psychiatry, psychology law publishers. Content Coverage The audience appears to be the general audience and it is a secondary source. There is in-depth information about child abuse, either sexual or physical reporting. There is general information about the only child abuse itself. Their focused refers to reports that are made or failed to be made about child abuse. The list of references is about one page long or about 24 references, and they do relate to the topic of child abuse reports again not child abuse alone. Timeliness The publication date of the book is 2015 and the citation varies in date. Some range in the 1990s and others in the 2000s, but the closest to the publications date is some citations from 2010. If it is referred to the idea of child abuse reports the information should be a few years more than 2015 up to date. Accuracy There is not much evidence about what other scholars evaluation towards this article are. It appears to be supported by Swedish Crime Victim Compensation since there is an acknowledgment at the end of the article. Some of the information can be found in another source such as retrospective on children. Detail information in this article will not be found in another source since it is a primary source. The research gathering information was conducted from scratch ideas. Objectivity The article does show a fair and balanced view of the topic. There are no links in this journal article, but there is a lot of citations provided. Neither of the authors does show any obvious bias in the article. Personally, this article did not play much with my emotions although it still did make me feel surprised about how children have a difficult time reporting abused. Since it is a scholarly journal article there are no types of advertisements that may make this article bias. Conclusion Child abuse is a tremendously important and serious topic that affects every individual in one way or another. Before considering acting for this issue, one needs to inform themselves with basic information on child abuse. Following basic information, more accurate research should be done to furthermore understanding of this topic. One strategy along with obtaining knowledge of child abuse is to critique from where the information obtains coming from. Such as what was done in this paper with three different sources. By doing this not only is child abuse no longer a strange subject, but an action can be done about this delicate issue. Page Break Reference Azad, A., Leander, L. (2015). Childrens Reporting About Sexual Versus Physical Abuse: Patterns of Reporting, Avoidance, and Denial. Psychiatry, Psychology, Law, 22(6), 890-902. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2015.1016392 Child Abuse and Neglect Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/What-to-Know-about-Child-Abuse.aspx Smoot, D. (2015, 5 May). How to respond to suspected child abuse. Retrieved from https://www.campussafetymagazine.com/news/how_to_respond_to_suspected_child_abuse/ Staff, C. (2007, August 08). How to Respond to Suspected Child Abuse. Retrieved from https://www.campussafetymagazine.com/news/how_to_respond_to_suspected_child_abuse/ What Is Child Abuse and Neglect? Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms. Retrieved from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/whatiscan/